The James Logan Courier

From wikipedia:
Laura Maria Caterina Bassi (31 October 1711 – 20 February 1778) was an Italian scientist, the first woman to officially teach at a college in Europe.

Biography
Born in Bologna into a wealthy family with a lawyer as a father, she was privately educated and tutored for seven years in her teens by Gaetano Tacconi. She came to the attention of Cardinal Prospero Lambertini who encouraged her in her scientific work.

Read more about Laura Bassi at hypatiamaze.org.

From wikipedia:
Elizabeth Madox Roberts (October 30, 1881 - March 13, 1941) was a Kentucky novelist and poet, primarily known for her novels and stories about the Kentucky mountain people, including The Time of Man (1926), The Great Meadow (1930) and A Buried Treasure (1931). All of her writings are characterized by her distinct, rhythmic prose. While she was a major influence on Robert Penn Warren and a contemporary of the Southern Renaissance writers, Roberts has been neglected in recent years of critical attention.

Read Elizabeth Madox Roberts' book of poetry, Under the Tree, free from the library at the University of North Carolina.

From wikipedia:
Fanny Brice (October 29, 1891 – May 29, 1951) was a popular and influential American comedian, singer, theatre and film actress and entertainer, remembered best for her many stage, radio and film appearances and her recordings. She was the creator and star of the top-rated radio comedy series, The Baby Snooks Show.

In the decade following her death, she was portrayed on stage and film by Barbra Streisand in Funny Girl.

Watch Fanny Brice perform the song, When a Man Loves a Woman, from the film Be Yourself, free from YouTube.com

From wikipedia:
Georges Auguste Escoffier (28 October 1846 – 12 February 1935) was a French chef, restaurateur and culinary writer who popularized and updated traditional French cooking methods. He is a near-legendary figure among chefs and gourmets, and was one of the most important leaders in the development of modern French cuisine. Much of Escoffier's technique was based on that of Antoine Carême, one of the codifiers of French Haute cuisine, but Escoffier's achievement was to simplify and modernize Carême's elaborate and ornate style.

Alongside the recipes he recorded and invented, another of Escoffier's contributions to cooking was to elevate it to the status of a respected profession, and to introduce discipline and sobriety where before there had been disorder and drunkenness.He organized his kitchens by the brigade system, with each section run by a chef de partie. He also replaced the practice of service à la française (serving all dishes at once) with service à la russe (serving each dish in the order printed on the menu).

From wikipedia.org:
Klas Pontus Arnoldson (October 27, 1844 – February 20, 1916) was a Swedish author, journalist, politician, and committed pacifist who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1908. He was a founding member and the first chairman of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society.

Read Klas Pontus Arnoldson's Nobel Prize lecture from 1908, free from Nobelprize.org.

From wikipedia:
Georges Jacques Danton (October 26, 1759 – April 5, 1794) was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution and the first President of the Committee of Public Safety. Danton's role in the onset of the Revolution has been disputed; many historians describe him as "the chief force in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic". A moderating influence on the Jacobins, he was guillotined by the advocates of revolutionary terror after accusations of venality and leniency to the enemies of the Revolution.

Life
Danton was born at Arcis-sur-Aube in northeastern France, to a respectable though not wealthy family. He was given a good education, and he was launched in the career of an advocate at the Paris bar.

Read Discours Civiques de Danton by Georges Jacques Danton, free from Project Gutenberg.

From Wikipedia:Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (October 25, 1767 – December 8, 1830) was a Swiss-born thinker, writer and French politician.

Constant was born in Lausanne, Switzerland, to descendants of Huguenots. He was educated by private tutors and at the University of Erlangen, Bavaria, and the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. In the course of his life, he spent many years in France, Switzerland, Germany, and Great Britain.

Read The Liberty of Ancients Compared with that of Moderns by Benjamin Constant, 1816, free from the University of Arkansas.

From wikipedia:
Sarah Josepha Hale (October 23, 1788 - April 30, 1879) was an American writer. She is well known as the author of the popular nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb."

Hale was born in Newport, New Hampshire to Captain Gordon Buell and Martha Whittlesay Buell. Early on in her life, she was educated by her mother and her brother Horatio who taught her what he had learned at Dartmouth, and later on, Hale was an autodidact. In 1813, she married David Hale, a lawyer and Freemason, with whom she had five children. In 1823, with the monetary support of her (then late) husband's Freemason lodge, she published a collection of her poems entitled The Genius of Oblivion.

Read Sarah Josepha Hale's book, "Flora's Interpreter: Or, The American Book of Flowers and Sentiments," free from Google Books.

From 1915 Genealogical Memoir, published by the Huntington FamilyAssociation:
Collis Potter Huntington, son of William and Elizabeth (Vincent) Huntington; born April 16, 1821, in Harwinton, Conn.; married, first, September 16, 1844, Elizabeth T. Stoddard, of Cornwall, Conn. She died in 1883. He married, second, July 12, 1884, Mrs. Arabella D. Worsham. He died at his camp, Pine Knot, in the Adirondacks, August 13, 1900.

Extract from Hartford Daily Times, August 14, 1915: At his death he was one of the six men who were at the head of the American railroad system, an art connoisseur and patron, a humanitarian and financier.

Read Collis Potter Huntington, Volume One, a 1954 biography by Cerinda W. Evans, free from Questia.

From wikipedia:
Alphonse Marie Louise Prat de Lamartine (Alphonse-Marie-Louis de Prat de Lamartine) (October 21, 1790 - February 28, 1869) was a French writer, poet and politician, born in Mâcon, Burgundy into French provincial nobility.

He is famous for his partly autobiographical poem, "Le Lac" ("The Lake"), which describes in retrospect the fervent love shared by a couple from the point of view of the bereaved man. Lamartine was masterly in his use of French poetic forms. He was one of very few French literary figures to combine his writing with a political career. Raised a devout Catholic Lamartine became a pantheist, writing Jocelyn and La Chute d'un ange. He wrote Histoire des Girondins in 1847 in praise of the Girondists.

Read Alphonse de Lamartine's i>History of the Girondists, free from Google books.

From wikipedia:
Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud(October 20, 1854 – November 10, 1891) was a French poet, born in Charleville. His influence on modern literature, music and art has been pervasive.

Early life and work
Arthur Rimbaud was born into the provincial middle class of Charleville (now part of Charleville-Mézières) in the Ardennes département in northeastern France. He was the second child of Captain Frédéric and Vitalie Rimbaud (née Cuif). It is evident through his writing that he never felt loved by his mother. As a boy he was a restless but brilliant student. By the age of fifteen he had won many prizes and composed original verses and dialogues in Latin. In 1870 his teacher Georges Izambard became Rimbaud's literary mentor and his original French verses began to improve rapidly.

Read three of Arthur Rimbaud's poems, translated by Wyatt Mason, free from the Guardian.

From wikipedia:Cassius Marcellus Clay, nicknamed "The Lion of Whitehall" (October 19, 1810 – July 22, 1903) was an abolitionist from Madison County, Kentucky, and a second cousin of famous politician Henry Clay.

He attended Transylvania University, and then graduated at Yale College in 1832; three years later was elected to the Kentucky General Assembly. He opposed the annexation of Texas yet served in the Mexican-American War.

Read more about Cassius Marcellus Clay, free from Kentucky Educational Television.

From wikipedia:
Elizabeth Arden (December 31, 1878 - October 19, 1966) was a Canadian businesswoman who built a cosmetics empire in the United States.

Arden was born Florence Nightingale Graham in Woodbridge, Ontario, where she lived until she was twenty-four years old. Joining her elder brother in New York City, she briefly worked as a bookkeeper for the E.R. Squibb Pharmaceuticals Company. While working there, she spent hours in their lab, learning about skincare. She then worked for Eleanor Adair, an early beauty culturist, as a "treatment girl." In 1909, Arden formed a partnership with Elizabeth Hubbard, another culturist. When the partnership dissolved, she coined the business name "Elizabeth Arden" from her former partner and from Tennyson's poem "Enoch Arden."

Read Elizabeth Arden's FBI file.

From wikipedia:

Allan Ramsay (October 15, 1686 – January 7, 1758) was a Scottish poet.

Life and career
Allan Ramsay was born at Leadhills, Lanarkshire to John Ramsay, superintendent of Lord Hopetoun's lead-mines and his wife, Alice Bower, a native of Derbyshire. He was educated at the parish school of Crawford, and in 1701 was apprenticed to a wig-maker in Edinburgh. He married Christian Ross in 1712; a few years after he had established himself as a wig-maker (not as a barber, as has been often said) in the High Street, and soon found himself in comfortable circumstances. They had six children. His eldest child was Allan Ramsay, the portrait painter.

Read Allan Ramsay's The Gentle Shepherd: A Scots Pastoral Comedy, free from google books.

From wikipedia.org:

Archibald Hoxsey (October 15, 1884 – December 31, 1910) was an early pioneer aviator for the Wright brothers.

He was born in Staunton, Illinois on October 15, 1884, and used the name Arch Hoxsey. He moved with his parents to Pasadena California as a child. Not much is known about Hoxsey's early life. By his early twenties he showed an interest in the new technology of automobiles and became a fine automobile mechanic. By 1909-1910 this mechanical ability led to a meeting with the Wright Brothers through their manager Roy Knabenshue. In March 1910 Orville Wright opened a school in Montgomery Alabama to teach new aspiring aviators how to fly. Hoxsey signed up to be trained and joined Wright at Montgomery. Hoxsey became such an adept pilot that Wilbur later considered him one of his favorites. These aviators were to be the select pilots for the new Wright Exhibition Team scheduled to hit the road as a troupe in the summer of 1910. Hoxsey was amongst one of the first Wright pilots to fly the Wrights' new Model B aircraft after having been trained by Orville on the model A-B which was a transitional aircraft.



Read aviation pioneer Arch Hoxsey's newspaper account of his 1910 flight with ex-President Theodore Roosevelt, free from about.upi.com

From wikipedia:
Katherine Mansfield (14 October 1888 – 9 January 1923) was a prominent New Zealand modernist writer of short fiction.

Mansfield was born Kathleen Mansfield Beauchamp into a socially prominent family in Wellington, New Zealand. The daughter of a banker and born to a middle-class colonial family, she was also a first cousin of authoress Countess Elizabeth von Arnim. Mansfield had a lonely and alienated childhood. Her first published stories appeared in the High School Reporter and the Wellington Girls' High School magazine, in 1898 and 1899. She moved to London in 1902, where she attended Queen's College, London. A talented cellist, she was not at first attracted to literature, and after finishing her schooling in England, she returned to her New Zealand home in 1906. It was upon her return to New Zealand that Kathleen Beauchamp began writing short stories. Weary of the provincial New Zealand lifestyle, Beauchamp returned to London two years later in 1908.

Read The Garden Party and Other Stories by Katherine Mansfield, one of three of her works available free from Project Gutenberg.

From wikipedia:

Sanjay Ashok Kumar (October 13, 1911 – December 10, 2001) was an Indian Bollywood actor. Born and brought up as Kumudlal Kunjilal Ganguly in Bhagalpur, Bengal Presidency (now in Bihar) and educated at the prestigious Presidency College, Kolkata, he stands apart as a cinema icon of the 20th century. He broke apart from the theatrical role playing then prevalent in Indian cinema and started a natural style of acting.

Early career
Reverently called Dadamoni (affectionate term for elder brother), he started his career in Bombay (Mumbai), albeit accidentally, with the Bombay Talkies production Jeevan Naiya in 1936. The male lead, Najam-ul-Hussain, ran off with the female lead and director's wife, Devika Rani. When discovered, the leading man was dismissed but the company needed a new hero. The director and studio head, Himanshu Rai, called upon his laboratory assistant Ashok Kumar to take the part and thus began a six-decade-long acting career.


Read more about Ashok Kumar and his career, free from indiatimes.com

From wikipedia:
Helena Modjeska (Modrzejewska, "Mod-zhe-yev-ska"; born "Helena Opid"; in the Free City of Kraków, October 12, 1840 - April 8, 1909, Newport Beach, California, U.S.) was a renowned Polish actress who specialized in Shakespearean roles.

She was the mother of Ralph Modjeski, and godmother to Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, son of Stanisław Witkiewicz (the elder Witkiewicz almost accompanied her and her family to California in 1876).

Read Memories and Impressions of Helena Modjeska: An Autobiography, free from Google Books.

From wikipedia:
Harlan Fiske Stone (October 11, 1872 – April 22, 1946) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as the dean of Columbia Law School, Attorney General of the United States, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and later Chief Justice of the United States.

Early years
Stone was born in Chesterfield, New Hampshire, to Fred L. and Ann S. (Butler) Stone. He prepared at Amherst High School, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Amherst College in 1894.

From 1894 to 1895 he was the submaster of Newburgh High School. From 1895 to 1896 he was an instructor in history at Adelphi Academy in Brooklyn, New York.

Read Law and Its Administration by Harlan Fiske Stone, free from googlebooks.com.

From wikipedia:
Robert Gould Shaw (October 10, 1837 – July 18, 1863) was the colonel in command of the all-black 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, which entered the American Civil War in 1863.

Early life and career
Shaw was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to a prominent abolitionist family. His parents (who lived off the inheritance left by Shaw's merchant grandfather) were Francis George and Sarah Blake Sturgis Shaw, and he had four sisters: Anna, Josephine, Susanna and Ellen. He was a religious liberal and a Unitarian who moved with his family to a large estate in West Roxbury, adjacent to Brook Farm when he was five. In his teens, Shaw spent some years studying and traveling in Switzerland, Italy, Hanover, Norway, and Sweden. His family moved to Staten Island, New York, settling there among a community of literati and abolitionists, while Shaw attended the lower division of St. John's College, the equivalent of high school in the institution that became Fordham University. From 1856 until 1859, Shaw attended Harvard University, but he withdrew before graduating. He then went to the esteemed Kenyon College in Gambier, OH and also went to work at his uncle's business. At Harvard, he was a member of the Porcellian Club.

Read a letter from Robert Gould Shaw to his wife, Annie, about his account of the the Raid at Darien, Georgia during the Civil War.

Charles Rudolph Walgreen (October 9, 1873 – December 11, 1939) was a United States drugstore businessman. He was born in Galesburg, Illinois, the son of Swedish emigrants. After a work accident in a shoe factory, he was encouraged to become a druggist’s apprentice. Inspired by his doctor, Walgreen became a registered pharmacist and eventually founded Walgreen Co., which today has more than 5,000 stores.


Learn more about Charles Walgreen and his company, free from Walgreens.com.

From wikipedia:
Zog I, Skanderbeg III of Albania (born Ahmet Zogolli, later changed to Ahmet Zogu) (October 8, 1895 – April 9, 1961) was King of Albania from 1928 to 1939. He was previously Prime Minister of Albania between 1922 and 1924 and President of Albania between 1925 and 1928.

Background and early political career

Born as Ahmet Muhtar Bey Zogolli, he changed his family name to Zogu, meaning "bird" in the Albanian language, dropping the Turkish suffix "olli (oğlu)", meaning "son of".

Ahmet Zogolli was born in Castle Burgajet, Albania, third son to Xhemal Pasha Zogolli and Sadijé Toptani. Zog was educated at Galatasaray College in Istanbul . His family was a beylik family, with feudal authority over the region of Mati. The family claimed descent from Skanderbeg. Their lands were in the same districts as Skanderbeg's family's had been, and certainly the Zogu family had deep roots in indigenous clannish nobility. No historically-attested genealogy has been shown for his alleged lineage from the Middle Ages, although his wife has a pedigree from Albania).

Visit King Zog's Ruins, the remains of the estate in Long Island, New York, that he intended to inhabit during his exile from Albania.

From wikipedia:
Peter Mark Roget (January 18, 1779, London–September 12, 1869), the son of a Swiss clergyman, studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and became a distinguished physician and lexicographer. He was a natural theologian.

He is best known for creating the Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases (Roget's Thesaurus), a classified collection of related words.

Roget died while on holiday and is buried in the cemetery of St James's Church, West Malvern, Worcestershire.

Read and use Roget's Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases by Peter Mark Roget, free from Project Gutenberg.

From wikipedia:
Will Keith Kellogg, usually referred to as W. K. Kellogg (April 7, 1860 – October 6, 1951) was a U.S. industrialist in food manufacturing.

W.K. Kellogg started out selling brooms as a young businessman then moved to Battle Creek, Michigan to help his brother John Harvey Kellogg run the Battle Creek Sanitarium. There in one of the labs they produced the first flaked cereal. W.K. Kellogg saw this as a great business opportunity and wanted to keep the production of the product a secret, John Harvey disagreed and allowed anyone in the sanitarium to come see the flaking process. This allowed a fellow sanitarium guest, C. W. Post to see the process, thus inspiring him to start his own company, which became Post Cereals and later General Foods. C.W. Post then made his first million dollars off the sales of his new product; this upset W.K. Kellogg who then left the sanitarium to create his own company.

Learn more about W.K. Kellogg, and about his stable of fine Arabian horses,free from California State University, Pomona.

From wikipedia:
Henry Chadwick (October 5, 1824 – April 20, 1908), often called the "father of baseball," was a sportswriter, baseball statistician and historian.

Born in Exeter, England, and raised on cricket, Chadwick was one of the prime movers in the rise of baseball to its unprecedented popularity at the turn of the 20th century. A keen amateur statistician and professional writer, he helped sculpt the public perception of the game, as well as providing the basis for the records of team's and player's achievements in the form of baseball statistics.

Chadwick edited The Beadle Baseball Player, the first baseball guide on public sale, as well as the Spalding and Reach annual guides for a number of years and in this capacity promoted the game and influenced the then-infant discipline of sports journalism. He also served on baseball rules committees and influenced the game itself.

Read Spalding's Baseball Guide and Official League Book for 1895, edited by Henry Chadwick, one of two of his works available free from Project Gutenberg.

From wikpedia:
Damon Runyon (October 4, 1884 – December 10, 1946) was a newspaperman and writer.

He was best known for his short stories celebrating the world of Broadway in New York City that grew out of the Prohibition era. He spun humorous tales of gamblers, hustlers, actors and gangsters; few of whom go by "square" names, preferring instead to be known as "Nathan Detroit", "Big Jule", "Harry the Horse", "Good Time Charley", "Dave the Dude", and so on. These stories were written in a very distinctive vernacular style: a mixture of formal speech and colorful slang, almost always in present tense (the past tense occurs only once, in the short story "The Lily of St Pierre"), and always devoid of contractions. To New Yorkers of his generation, a "Damon Runyon character" evoked a distinctive social type from the Brooklyn or Midtown demi-monde. The adjective "Runyonesque" refers to this type of character as well as to the type of situations and dialog that Runyon depicted.

The musical Guys and Dolls was based on two Runyon stories, "The Idyll Of Miss Sarah Brown" and "Blood Pressure"; the play Little Miss Marker grew from his short story of the same name.

Listen to some of Damon Runyon's radio shows from 1949, free from freeotrshows.com.

From wikipedia:
Langley Collyer (October 3, 1885 – March 1947) and Homer Lusk Collyer (November 6, 1881 – March 21, 1947) and were two American brothers who became famous because of their snobbish nature, filth in their homes, and compulsive hoarding.

The brothers are often cited as an example of compulsive hoarding associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as disposophobia or Collyer brothers syndrome, a fear of throwing anything away. For decades, neighborhood rumors swirled around the rarely-seen, unemployed men and their home at 2078 Fifth Avenue (at the corner of 128th Street), in Manhattan, where they obsessively collected newspapers, books, furniture, musical instruments, and many other items, with booby-traps set up in corridors and doorways to protect against intruders.

Both were eventually found dead in the Harlem brownstone where they had lived as hermits, surrounded by over 100 tons of rubbish that they had amassed over several decades.

http://www.squalorsurvivors.com/stories/famous.shtml

From wikipedia:
Alice Ernestine Prin (October 2, 1901 – April 29, 1953), was a French artists' model, nightclub singer, actress, and painter. Her chosen name was simply, Kiki, but she also was referred to as, Reine de la Montparnasse, the Queen of Montparnasse, and Kiki de Montparnasse. She flourished in, and helped define, the liberated culture of Paris in the 1920s. In 1996, biographers, Billy Klüver and Julie Martin, called her "one of the century's first truly independent women."

Early life
Alice Prin was born in Châtillon-sur-Seine, Côte d'Or, Burgundy, France. An illegitimate child, she was raised in abject poverty by her grandmother. At age twelve, she was sent to live with her mother in Paris in order to find work. She first worked in shops and bakeries. By age fourteen, she was posing nude for sculptors, which created discord with her mother.

Read more about Kiki de Montparnasse, and see artwork by and about her, free from Zabriskie Gallery.


Read "Kiki of Montparnasse Is Brought Back to Life" an article by Mary Blume about Kiki and the republication of her memoirs, free from the International Herald Tribune.

From wikipedia.org:
William Edward Boeing (October 1, 1881 – September 28, 1956) was an aviation pioneer who founded The Boeing Company.

Boeing was born in Detroit, Michigan to a wealthy German mining engineer named Wilhelm Böing who had made a fortune developing large low-grade taconite iron ore deposits and who had a sideline as a timber merchant. Americanizing his name to "William" after returning from being educated in Switzerland in 1900 to attend Yale University, William Boeing left Yale in 1903 to go into the lumber side of the business. He bought extensive timberlands around Grays Harbor on the Pacific side of the Olympic Peninsula. He also bought into lumber operations.

Read more about William Boeing and his company, free from TheTravelInsider.info.